时态:现在完成时vs.过去完成时
现在完成时(have/has done)强调过去动作与现在的关联,常与since/for连用。如'I have learned English for 10 years'。过去完成时(had done)表示'过去的过去',需有明确过去时间参照,如'When we arrived, the film had started'。高考常混合考查这两种时态,需注意时间状语提示。
被动语态的三步转换法
被动语态结构为be+过去分词,时态通过be动词体现。转换时:1) 将宾语变主语 2) 判断原时态选择be动词形式 3) 谓语动词变过去分词。如主动句'They built this bridge in 2020'变为'This bridge was built in 2020'。特别注意带双宾语的句子,如'He gave me a book'可转为两种被动形式。
非谓语动词的三大形式辨析
不定式(to do)表目的或将来的动作,如'I came to ask a question';动名词(doing)作主语/宾语,如'Swimming is good exercise';现在分词(doing)表主动/进行,过去分词(done)表被动/完成。高考常考非谓语动词作定语或状语的用法,如'The girl standing there is my sister'中standing作后置定语。
定语从句关系词选择口诀
先行词是人用who/whom/that,物用which/that,时间用when,地点用where,原因用why。注意:1) 非限制性从句不用that 2) 介词后不用that 3) 从句缺主语/宾语时用关系代词,否则用关系副词。如'This is the village where I grew up'中where不可换为which,因为从句不缺主语/宾语。
虚拟语气的三大典型场景
1) 与现在事实相反:if从句用过去式(be动词用were),主句用would/should/could do 2) 与过去事实相反:if从句用had done,主句用would have done 3) 表建议/要求:主语+(should)+动词原形,如'I suggest that he (should) go early'。注意wish后的从句要用虚拟语气,如'I wish I were a bird'。
几个练习句子
The present perfect tense emphasizes the effect of past actions on the present.
现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响。
In the passive voice, the subject is the receiver of the action.
被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者。
Non-finite verbs include infinitives, gerunds and participles.
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词。
The attributive clause is introduced by a relative pronoun or adverb.
定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。
The subjunctive mood is often used to express hypotheses or wishes.
虚拟语气常用于表达假设或愿望。
结论
本文系统梳理了高考英语语法5大高频考点,提供针对性解题策略。建议考生:1) 制作错题本重点突破易错点 2) 每天练习10道典型题 3) 熟记各语法点的标志性结构。掌握这些核心语法知识,能在短期内显著提升语法填空题和改错题的正确率。