时态三重奏:现在/过去/将来完成时
完成时是考试错误率最高的语法点之一。现在完成时强调影响(I have lost my keys),过去完成时用于'过去的过去'(When we arrived, the film had started),将来完成时则描述截止未来某时间将完成的动作(By 2025, he will have worked here for 10 years)。注意区分延续性动词(live)和瞬间动词(die)的使用差异。
虚拟语气避坑指南
虚拟语气三大核心结构:1)与现在事实相反用过去式(If I were you);2)与过去事实相反用过去完成式(If you had come earlier);3)表建议/要求时用(should)+动词原形(He suggested that we leave early)。特别注意wish后接从句的时态要退格(I wish I knew the answer)。
定语从句关系词选择
关系代词that/which/who的选择取决于先行词属性(人/物),但注意五种只能用that的情况:序数词修饰时(the first book that)、最高级修饰时(the most interesting movie that)、不定代词作先行词时(anything that)、先行词既有人又有物时、疑问词开头的句子(Who is the person that)。
几个练习句子
If it rains tomorrow, we will not go picnic
如果明天下雨,我们就不去野餐了
I have read this book three times, but still don't understand the ending
这本书我读了三次,还是没看懂结尾
The way she speaks reminds me of my primary school teacher
她说话的样子让我想起我的小学老师
结论
掌握这20个语法重点能有效避免考试中80%的语法错误。建议将易错点制成闪卡随身记忆,重点练习长难句分析(如包含多个从句的复合句)。考前最后一天可重点复习标点规则和主谓一致等'小题型',这些往往是高分关键分水岭。