时态混淆:现在完成时vs一般过去时
这是中考最高频失分点。现在完成时(have done)强调过去动作对现在的影响或持续状态,常与already/yet/since等词连用;而一般过去时仅陈述过去事实。例如'I have finished homework'暗示现在有空闲,而'I finished homework'只是陈述完成动作。特别注意:当有明确过去时间状语(yesterday, last week)时,必须用过去时。
主谓一致:三类特殊名词的处理
①集合名词(family/team/class等):强调整体用单数(Our team is winning),指成员用复数(The team are arguing)。②以-s结尾的学科名词(physics/maths)永远单数。③不定代词(everyone/nothing等)作主语时,谓语用单数。易错案例:'Neither of the books are interesting'应改为'is',因为neither表示单数概念。
冠词陷阱:the的隐形规则
零冠词情况最易出错:①三餐前(have breakfast);②抽象名词泛指(Love is beautiful);③固定搭配(go to school)。必须用the的情况:①序数词(the first);②乐器(play the piano);③特指(the book on the desk)。特别注意:'most students'是泛指,'most of the students'特指某群体。
介词搭配:动词+介词的固定组合
中考常考20组核心搭配:agree with(人)/on(事)/to(建议);look after(照顾)/for(寻找)/at(看);get on(上车)/off(下车)/in(小汽车)。记忆技巧:用思维导图分类,如'方向类'(into/onto)、'反对类'(against)、'原因类'(because of/due to)。易错警示:'succeed后接in,不是to'。
从句引导词:区分that/which/who
定语从句中:①that可指人或物,但不能用于非限制性从句(逗号后);②which只指物,可引导非限制性从句;③who/whom指人,whom作宾语。特别注意:当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时,必须用that不用which。例如:'This is the best movie that I have ever seen'。
几个练习句子
The present perfect tense emphasizes the effect, while the past simple just states a fact
现在完成时强调影响,过去式只陈述事实
Collective nouns like 'family' take singular verbs when referring to the whole, but plural when meaning members
集合名词如family作整体时用单数,指成员用复数
We use 'the' before musical instruments but no article before ball games
乐器前必须加the,球类运动前不加冠词
'Depend on' must be followed by an object, the preposition cannot be omitted
depend on后面接宾语,不能省略介词
In attributive clauses, use 'who/whom' for people and 'which' for things
定语从句中,指人用who/whom,指物用which
结论
中考语法考查的不是冷僻知识,而是基础用法的精准掌握。建议考生:1)建立错题本重点记录这5类错误;2)每天用10分钟朗读经典例句培养语感;3)做真题时用不同颜色标记这些考点。记住:避免这些陷阱,至少能提升10-15分。最后阶段,与其广撒网不如精准突破高频易错点。